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By: B. Daro, M.A.S., M.D.
Medical Instructor, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine
Evaluation of antidiarrhoeal activities of some isolated bioactive organic compounds present in Melastoma malabathricum Linn virus - f generic ethambutol 400 mg with mastercard. The investigation was conducted by castor oil-induced diarrhoeal test infection from cat bite buy generic ethambutol 400 mg, castor oil-induced entropooling test and castor oil-induced small intestinal transit test virus mac cheap 600mg ethambutol with mastercard. From these results, it can be inferred that aqueous extracts from both plant samples and ethyl gallate had frequencies of diarrhoeal reducing effect, anti-secretary effect and anti-motility effect. From this experiment, it was observed that both aqueous extracts and ethyl gallate had direct relaxation effect on smooth muscle. The relaxation effects were increased with increasing the concentrations of all samples tested. It was also observed that both aqueous extracts and ethyl gallate showed marked decrease in magnitude and frequency of ileal contraction and decrease in intestinal movement. It indicated that both extracts and ethyl gallate have anti-muscarinic activity as atropine and tolazoline and they also have anti-histamine activity very similar to that of chlorpheniramine. May Aye Than; Mu Mu Sein Myint; Ohnmar Ko; Myint Myint Khine; San San Myint; Nu Nu Win; Mar Mar Nyein. In order to combat the problems of diarrhoea globally, World Health Organization has given a special emphasis on the use of traditional medicines in management of diarrhoea. It thus becomes important to evaluate commonly available natural drugs as alternative to currently used anti-diarrhoeal drugs. The aim is to evaluate in vivo and in vitro antidiarrhoeal activity of reputed Mango seed kernel. In vivo the anti- diarrhoeal activity of aqueous extracts were carried out using castor oil-induced diarrhoea model in mice with the standard loperamide. Like loperamide, a single oral dose of its extract produced significant reduction in fecal out put and onset of diarrhoea (p<0. May Aye Than; Mu Mu Sein Myint; Myint Myint Khine; Phyu Phyu Win; San San Myint; Nu Nu Win; Ohnmar Tun, Naw. In order to combat the problems of diarrhoea globally, the World Health Organization encouraged studies for the treatment of diarrhoea diseases with herbs. It thus becomes important to evaluate commonly available nature drugs as alternative to currently used antidiarrhoeal drugs. The study was carried out to evaluated acute toxicity, phytochemical, and antidiarrhoeal activity of Swertia angustifolia. Acute toxicity study showed that there was no toxic effect even with maximum permissible dose of 24g/kg. In vivo antidiarrhoeal activities of aqueous extracts (3, 6, 12g/kg single oral doses) were carried out using castor oil-induced diarrhoeal model in mice with standard loperamide. Like loperamide, all doses of extract produced significant reduction in fecal output and prolongation in onset of diarrhoea (p<0. To understand the mechanism of action, it is also evaluated castor oil-induced gastrointestinal motility (intestinal-transit) and intestinal fluid accumulation. The extract and loperamide also significantly reduced the castor oil-induced gastrointestinal motility and intestinal fluid accumulation (anti-secretory effect) (p<0. Antibacterial activity screening of aqueous extracts against 9 types of pathogenic microorganisms was carried out by employing agar disc diffusion method. These results indicated their potential usefulness in infected diarrhoea with these three organisms. In conclusion, aqueous extract of Swertia angustifolia revealed the antidiarrhoeal effect and potential utility in both infected and non-infected diarrhoea states. Zaw Myo Tint; May Aye Than; Mu Mu Sein Myint; Khin Tar Yar Myint; Win Win Maw; Myint Myint Khine; San San Myint; Aung Aung Maw.
Induction time is less than 15 seconds virus 7 life processes buy generic ethambutol 400 mg on line, the shoulders and a bar to be positioned behind the and cardiac and respiratory functions are well main- legs and below the pelvis antibiotic and alcohol buy ethambutol 400mg online, thus restricting the bird’s tained antibiotics effect on sperm discount ethambutol uk. Ketamine alone gives unacceptable kg) is face mask induction with four per cent isoflu- results. A smoother recovery from injectable agents rane, followed by intubation and maintenance at two may be facilitated by the administration of aza- to three percent levels. Large, shaded areas, padded with mats or straw and clear of objects or walls within reach of the flailing legs can be used for recovery. Alternatively, a bird may be packed in a crate that is heavily padded with straw to restrict extension and flailing of the legs. Be- cause ratites respire with lateral ex- cursions of the chest, the sternal posi- tion for recovery is preferred. Adults should remain be intubated with standard, cuffed endotracheal tubes that are available for small animals hooded with minimal disturbances. When the bird sits sternally with the head held upright, the hood should then be removed. In one study of ostriches, induction Transportation with tiletamine/zolazepam at a dose of 4. Excessively large trailers with slippery induced with low doses of tiletamine-zolazepam by surfaces have been a leading cause of injury and intravenous administration and maintained on mortality. Chicks and juveniles may be transported either 2 to 4% halothane or 2 to 4% isoflurane. Ma- by land or air most safely if confined to small individ- ture ostriches can be intubated using 14 to 18 mm ual crates. Intermit- are outlined in the International Air Transportation tent positive pressure ventilation can be performed Association live animal regulations and container with a peak pressure of 15 to 20 cm of H2O. The individual compartment of a volume of ratites is considered to be 10 to 15 ml/kg. Haul- ing birds at night tends to keep them calm and Bradycardia, apnea, hypercapnia, hypocapnia and reduces the possibility of overheating. In another group of Adult ostriches are maintained in outdoor pad- anesthetized ostriches, the mean blood pressure was docks. Fencing should be approxi- mately two meters tall, clearly visible to a running bird and designed so that the feet or neck cannot become entangled within the fence. The bottom of the fence can be raised 40 cm from the ground to prevent the bird’s legs and feet from becoming entangled. Stranded wire fence (barbed or smooth) should never be used for ratites (Figure 48. Wood corrals, 2 x 4" field fencing, chain-link fence or pipe fencing are all effective. Electric fencing may be necessary to prevent terrestrial predators from entering the compound. Placing the food and water station in the fence line with a flap to allow access without entering the paddock is the easiest way to maintain ostriches. Ratites readily adapt to the use of auto- matic water supplies and bin-type feeders. Breeding Behavior In general, ostriches reach puberty around two years of age, but are not at full reproductive maturity until four years of age.
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The fraction designated F-7 produced a fall in the arterial blood pressure which was sustained up to 1 hour antimicrobial therapy order ethambutol visa. An indigenous medicinal plant growing in Myeik antibiotics used for acne order online ethambutol, Tanintharyi Division whose bitter fruit commonly known as Yardan-zeet is very similar to the vernacular name of the Chinese drug "Yardan-zeet" the ripe bitter fruit of Brucea javanica (L antibiotics for acne worse before better buy discount ethambutol 600 mg line. Due to the similarity in the common names, the specific name of Yardan-zeet plant obtained from Myeik was identified taxonomically. Yardan-zeet fruit available in Yangon market as antidysenteric drug was also identified by comparing the macroscopic features and microscopic characters with that of the identified Yardan- zeet from Myeik. The macroscopic features and microscopic characters of Myeik and market Yardan-zeet fruits were identical. The findings from this study reveals that Yardan-zeet fruits are of the same species as the Chinese drug "Yadanzi" the bitter fruit of Brucea javanica (L. Identification of cultivated chounggyah plant and comparative pharmacognostic studies with market sample. Comparative pharmacognostical, physicochemical and phytochemical studies revealed that cultivated and market Chounggyah are not identical. Identification of omega-3 fatty acid and evaluation of antioxidant activity on seed of Perilla frutescens (L. The primary aim of this study was to identify alpha linolenic acid (omega-3 fatty acid) in Perilla seed oil and the secondary aim was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Perilla seed. Perilla seed oils yields were studied by driect pressing method, extracted with petroleum ether by refluxing method and Soxhlet extraction method, and were found that the yield percents were 29-44%, 26-35% and 36-45% respectively. Each sharp peak with the relevant molecular weight was identified as 9, 12, 15-Octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (omega-3 or δ-linolenic acid methyl ester), 9, 12-Octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (omega-6 or linolenic acid methyl ester), 9 Octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (omega-9 or linolenic acid methyl ester) respectively. Among these fatty acids, the propotion of of δ- linolenic acid known as omega-3 fatty acids was found to be greatest (81%). In-vitro and in-vivo antimicrobial activity of essential oil and thymol obtained from Carum copticum Benth and Hook. The aim of study is to determine the in-vitro and in-vivo antimicrobial activity of essential oils and isolated thymol from Carum copticum and to evaluate the acute toxicity of isolated thymol. The essential oils of air-dried fruit samples were obtained by hydrodistillation method. It was observed that essential oil, standard and isolated thymol was effective against S. In-vivo study, open wounds were induced by Staphylococcus aureus strain in albino rats and treated with essential oil, isolated thymol, and standard th thymol. It showed that complete wound healing rate of essential oil was 6 day; th isolated and standard thymol was 5 day. In conclusion, essential oil and isolated thymol from Carum copticum Benth & Hook. In-vitro antibacteria activity of extracts and active compound from stem bark of Mangifera indica L. The bark has been traditionally used in Myanmar for the treatment of various ailments. In the present study, the extracts of mango cultivar Sein-ta-lone stem barks were screened for phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity.
Inconsistent results may be due to the differing absorbability of the various zinc salts used rubella virus buy discount ethambutol on-line. For example liquid antibiotics for sinus infection ethambutol 400mg with visa, studies using effervescent zinc sulfate show efficacy similar to that of the antibiotic tetracycline virus 0f2490 order 800mg ethambutol overnight delivery, with fewer side effects from chronic use,22 while those using plain zinc sulfate have shown less beneficial results. In another study, 66 patients with inflammatory acne were given zinc gluconate (30 mg elemental zinc) or a placebo for two months. In the placebo group the inflammatory score dropped from 58 to 47, while in the treatment group the score dropped from 49 to 27. Physicians rated 24 of 32 patients in the zinc group as responders, compared with only 8 of 34 in the placebo group. At least two other double-blind studies with zinc gluconate provide additional support. The importance of zinc to normal skin function is well recognized, especially in light of the zinc deficiency syndrome called acrodermatitis enteropathica. As noted above, zinc is essential for retinol- binding protein and thus for serum retinol levels. Male acne patients have significantly decreased levels of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which normalize with vitamin E and selenium treatment. Topical Treatments Various topical gels, ointments, and creams containing natural products are available to treat acne. Like benzoyl peroxide, these preparations aim to reduce both the bacteria level and inflammation. Although there are many choices, the most popular natural formulas are those with tea tree oil and azelaic acid. Tea Tree Oil Melaleuca alternifolia, or tea tree, is a small tree native to only one area of the world: the northeast coastal region of New South Wales, Australia. The leaves, the portion of the plant that is used medicinally, are the source of tea tree oil. Tea tree oil possesses significant antiseptic properties and is regarded by many as an ideal skin disinfectant. This claim is supported by its efficacy against a wide range of organisms (including 27 of 32 strains of P. The therapeutic uses of tea tree oil are based largely on its antiseptic and antifungal properties. In a study conducted at the Royal Prince Hospital in New South Wales, a 5% tea tree oil solution demonstrated beneficial effects similar to those of 5% benzoyl peroxide, but with substantially fewer side effects. Numerous studies have shown that tea tree oil is extremely safe for use as a topical antiseptic, but it can occasionally produce contact dermatitis. Azelaic Acid This naturally occurring nine-carbon dicarboxylic acid, extracted from grains such as wheat and barley, has demonstrated much pharmacological activity, including antibiotic activity against P. Clinical studies with 20% azelaic acid cream have shown it to produce results equal to those achieved with benzoyl peroxide, tretinoin, and oral tetracycline. In order to achieve benefits, azelaic acid must be applied to affected areas twice per day for a period of at least four weeks. Treatment usually must be continued for at least six months to maintain the benefits produced after the first month. One review article found a topical cream containing 20% azelaic acid to be as effective as 5% benzoyl peroxide, 4% hydroquinone cream, 0.